Five Year Plans in India (भारत की पंचवर्षीय योजनाएं) In English

 Five Year Plans in India

Hello friends, 

In this post of ours today, we will tell you in full detail about the Five Year Plans of India, which will be important for all the upcoming Competitive Exams.

First five year plan, 1951-56

• The first five year plan was started from 1st April, 1951. The scheme was based on the domar growth model.
• The main objectives of this plan were to remove the imbalance caused by war and partition, to achieve food self-sufficiency, to check inflationary tendencies.
• Under this scheme-
• Priority was given to agriculture and irrigation.
• In this plan, Community Development Program was started in 1952 and National Extension Service was started in 1953. It is noteworthy that multipurpose projects like Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley and Hirakud were the product of this plan.

Evaluation

• The achievement of this plan was more than the target. A growth rate of 2.1 percent has been achieved in this scheme. Along with this, significant success was achieved in the field of agricultural irrigation and community development.

Second five year plan, 1956-61

• This plan P.C. Mahalanobis model. Emphasis was laid on the establishment of heavy industries in this plan.
• The main objectives of this plan were the establishment of a socialist society, 25 percent increase in national income, rapid industrialization and the rate of capital investment to 11 percent.
• Iron and steel plants were set up during this plan at Rourkela, Bhilai and Durgapur. Chittaranjan Locomotive and Sindri Fertilizer Factory are also the contribution of this scheme.

Evaluation

• Priority to industries in place of agriculture in this plan resulted in huge shortage of food grains and other agricultural products. Inflation increased and this led to a foreign exchange crisis. The public sector emerged as a catalyst in the industrial sector. The transport and energy sector expanded. The growth rate of per capita income stood at 1.9 percent.

Third five year plan, 1961-66

• In the third plan, emphasis was laid on agriculture and industries. The main objective of this plan was to make the Indian economy self-reliant and self-sustaining.
• The Third Plan was a complete failure due to the Indo-China War (1962), the Indo-Pak War (1965) and the drought during 1965-66.
• In this scheme the devaluation of Rs.
• Bokaro Iron and Steel Industry was established in Bokaro (Jharkhand) with the help of Russia.
• The government followed the 'trickle down theory' in the first, second and third five year plans.
• To make maximum use of the country's labor force and increase employment opportunities.

Evaluation

• Instead of an average annual growth of 6 per cent in food grain production, a growth of 2 per cent could be achieved, and it was achieved very little in place of an annual increase of 14 per cent in industrial production. The growth rate of national income was 2.4 percent as against 5.6 percent, the growth rate of per capita income was only 0.2 percent.
• Three Annual Plans/Plan leave, 1966-69 (Three Annual plans/plan leave, 1966-69)
• Lead bank scheme was started in 1969 on the recommendation of Nariman committee.
• After being defeated by China, the morale of the country weakened slightly, due to which the effect was that a one-year plan was decided for 1966-67. The government adopted the same planning policy in the next two years.
• The rupee was devalued for the second time in 1966.
• The devaluation did not have a significant effect due to the reduction in the elasticity of demand for export goods. Thus no regular planning was done during this period, hence it is called plan holiday.

Fourth Five Year Plan, 1969-74

• The main objectives of the Fourth Five Year Plan were economic development with stability, maximum attainment of self-reliance, equitable development of the economy and balanced regional development.
• The draft of this plan was prepared by the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, DR Gadgil.
• Under this scheme, 14 commercial banks were nationalized in July 1969.
• Leontief's input-output model was implemented under this scheme.
• Economic growth in the economy (in national income) at the rate of 5.7 percent.
• To achieve an annual growth rate of 7 percent in exports and develop the public sector.
• To encourage the objective of achieving stability in the price level.
• Attention was given to increase in agricultural production and buffer stock was created to ensure continuous supply of agricultural inputs.
• Implementation of family planning programs to control population growth and improve living standards.
• The Drought Prone Area Program was launched in 1973-74.

Evaluation

• In this plan, the growth rate target has been kept at 5.7 percent, while the actual achievement was only 3.3 percent. Per capita income grew by 1.1 percent. Industrial production grew only at the rate of 4 per cent, which was below the target.

Fifth five year plan, 1974-79

• The main objective of this scheme was to achieve self-reliance with poverty alleviation.
• D.P. It was to be prepared on the basis of Dhar model.
• Minimum Needs Program was introduced in this scheme.
• The Regional Rural Bank was established on 2 October 1975.
• The 20-point program was started in the year 1975.
• The food for work program was started under this scheme.
• To expand production and employment opportunities and to create a comprehensive program of social justice.
• Special attention was given to programs like primary education, drinking water, rural services, nutrition, rural housing, rural roads, rural electrification.
• Focus on import substitution and export promotion.
• Unnecessary consumption was banned.
• A system of just wage price policy.
• Reducing social, economic and regional inequality.
• Foodgrain stores and Public Distribution System were promoted.
• After the Janata government came to power, this scheme was stopped a year ago in 1978 itself.

Evaluation

• There was a satisfactory increase in production in the food grains and cotton textiles sector, but this plan did not succeed in achieving other goals. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 4.9 percent while per capita income grew by 0.75 percent. This scheme was announced by the government a year ago (in 1977-78).
• Rolling plan, 1978-80
• After ending the Fifth Five Year Plan a year earlier by the Janata Party, a new plan was started on 1st April, 1978, which was named as 'Uninterrupted Plan'. Gunnar Myrdal had propounded the continuous plan and the credit for implementing it in India goes to D.T. Goes to Lakdawala.
• Rural Youth Self-Employment Training Program (TRYSEM) was started in 1979, which was subsumed in the Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana in 1999.
• To reduce the amount of black money, the validity of high denomination currencies (1000 denomination notes) was abolished.
• The production, trade, sale and subdivision of liquor was banned throughout the country.
• Public insurance scheme was started.

Sixth five year plan, 1980-85

• The period from 1 April 1979 to 31 March 1980 is considered as a plan holiday in India. In the Sixth Plan, emphasis was laid on poverty alleviation and employment generation.
• The main goal of this scheme was to establish poverty alleviation, economic development, modernization, self-reliance and social justice.
• Rapid development of domestic energy sectors and efficient use of energy conservation was emphasized.
• The poverty line is defined by the planning commission's working group as the poverty line, i.e. consumption of 2400 calories per day in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas.
• In this scheme, 6 banks were nationalized in 1980, NABARD was established on 12th July, 1982, EXIM Bank was established in 1982 itself.

Evaluation

• The target was set at 5.2 percent growth rate in this plan, while the actual achievement was 5.7 percent. Inflation declined from 16.7 per cent to 5 per cent. Per capita income increased by 3 percent.

Seventh five year plan, 1985-90 (Seventh five year plan, 1985-90)

• The main objectives of the Seventh Plan were economic growth, modernization, self-reliance and social justice. In order to meet this target, special attention was given to increase the production of food grains, increase in productivity and employment opportunities.
• In this scheme Indira Awas Yojana (1985-86), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (1989) and Nehru Rozgar Yojana (1989) were implemented.
• Under this scheme, Speed ​​Post System was established in 1986, CAPART was established in New Delhi in 1986.
• Pro. Rajkrishna has described the Seventh Plan as the Hindu growth rate.
• The goal of this scheme is to achieve 5% annual growth rate and to substantially increase the production of food grains.

Evaluation

• The target of growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Seventh Plan was 5 percent, while the actual growth was 6 percent. Per capita income also increased by 3.6 percent.
• Annual plans, 1990-92
• Due to political instability, two annual plans were introduced in the year 1990-92.
• Meanwhile, in 1991, a new economic reform was announced.
• The government established SIDBI in the year 1990 for the development of small scale industries.

Eighth Five Year Plan, 1992-97

• In this plan, the top priority was given to 'development of human resource' i.e. employment, education and public health.
• This scheme was implemented after liberalization.
• The plan adopted the John W. Muller model.
• The actual achievement was recorded at 6.8 per cent against the target growth rate of 5.6 per cent under the scheme.
• Universalisation of elementary education and complete elimination of illiteracy among people in the age group of 15 and 35 years.
• To strengthen the infrastructure, energy, transport, communication, irrigation etc. to support the development process on a sustainable basis.

Evaluation

• In this plan also, priority was given to the energy sector and 26.6 percent of the public expenditure was made available under this head. Growth rate (3.6 percent) has been achieved in agriculture sector also exceeding the target of 3.1 percent. The annual growth in the industrial sector was 8.1 percent, which was less than the target of 8.5 percent.

Ninth five year plan, 1997-2002

• The main objective of the Ninth Five Year Plan was economic growth with social justice and equality. In order to meet this goal, special emphasis was given on areas like standard of living, employment generation, self-reliance and regional balance.
• Accelerating the pace of economic growth while maintaining price stability.
• Promotion of Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives and Voluntary Organizations.
• Ensuring availability of basic minimum services such as clean drinking water, primary health care facilities, universal primary education and housing.
• In this scheme 'Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana, Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana' were included.
• Ensuring the position of balance of payments.
• To prevent and reduce the increase in external debt burden.
• To achieve self-reliance in the field of food grains.
• Proper use and conservation of natural resources.

Evaluation

• Initially, the annual growth rate for this scheme was fixed at 7 percent, but later it was revised to 6.5 percent; Whereas the actual growth rate stood at 5.5 percent. The target was set to achieve annual growth of 3.9 percent in agriculture, 8.5 percent in industry, 7.2 percent in mining, 8.2 percent in manufacturing, 9.3 percent in power sector and 6.5 percent in service sector.

Tenth Five Year Plan, 2002-07

• The scheme was based on a comprehensive input-output model.
• In this plan, maximum emphasis was given on agriculture while maximum expenditure was on energy.
• Emphasis was laid on making monetary and fiscal policy more flexible.
• Emphasis was laid on social sector and infrastructure.
• In order to remove regional imbalances in the country, special targets were set at the state level.
• To develop rapidly in those areas which have potential to provide employment. These include agriculture, construction, tourism, small scale industries, retail, information technology and related services in the communication sector.

Evaluation

• The target growth rate in this plan was 8 percent, while the actual achievement was around 7.6 percent, which was very close to the target. The rate of investment in this scheme has been 32.1 percent of GDP, while the target was 28.41 percent. Gross Domestic Savings GDP The target was to keep 23.31 percent of the GDP, whereas the target was actually achieved. 31.9 percent of the .

Eleventh five year plan, 2007-12

• The objective of the Eleventh Five Year Plan is to accelerate development by making it more complete. Its main objective is to achieve faster and more inclusive growth.
• To increase the literacy rate to 80 per cent in the age group above 7 years.
• To bring down the maternal mortality rate to 1 per thousand live births.
• To bring down the total fertility rate to 2.1 percent.
• Ensuring access to electricity to all the families living below the poverty line in rural areas.
• Average growth rate in agriculture sector is 3.6 percent (target 4.0 percent) per annum. Apart from this, about 58.2 percent people got employment in the agriculture sector.
• The plan target was fixed at 9.0 per cent, later it was raised to 8.1 but the actual realization was recorded at 8 per cent.

Twelfth Five Year Plan, 2012-17

• The main objective of the 12th Five Year Plan was faster sustainable and more inclusive growth.
• In this plan, priority was given to energy and social sector.
• The economic sector of the 12th Five Year Plan included agriculture, industry, energy, transport, communication, rural development and urban development and the social sector included health, education, employment and skill development, women's agency, child rights and social inclusion. Went. whose explanation is as follows-
• Social sector
• Education
• Raising the median age of education to seven years by the end of the scheme.
• To provide education to each age group keeping in mind the skills and to create 20 lakh additional employment opportunities to achieve the goal of higher education.
• Eliminate inequalities between boys and girls, SC/ST, minorities and others by the end of the plan.
• Health
• By the end of the plan, reducing the infant mortality rate to 25 and the maternal mortality rate to 100 (in every 100,000 live births) and the total fertility rate to 2.1 percent.
• Skill development
• In the measures to remove unemployment, the target was to increase in various sectors, which would create employment in those areas, but it would require not only unskilled people but also skilled people.
• Economic sector
• Agriculture
• The target of growth rate in the agriculture sector was kept at 4 percent.
• In the 12th plan, some new initiatives related to agriculture were adopted which are as follows-
• National Agricultural Education Project
• National Agricultural Entrepreneurship Project
• Farmer Initiatives
• Attracting youth towards agriculture.
• Industry
• In the 12th five year plan, the target of growth rate in the manufacturing sector was set at 10 percent.
• Food Processing Industry
• India is self-reliant in food grains, milk, fruits and vegetables which ensures food security, even surplus for exports. The food processing industry holds great importance in the context of the development of the rural economy in India.
• Energy
• India is the third largest energy use country after the US and China, but India does not have the resources to meet its energy needs. It utilizes all available domestic resources for its needs i.e. coal, petroleum, uranium, water and other renewable resources and meets domestic production by imports.

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